Secuenciación de próxima generación para la detección de patógenos en cirugía de cadera: experiencia y viabilidad diagnóstica en un centro de atención terciaria de la Argentina / Next generation sequencing for the detection of pathogens in hip surgery. Experience and diagnostic feasibility in a tertiary care center in Argentina

Introducción: El diagnóstico rápido y definitivo con identificación del patógeno es fundamental cuando hay una infección periprotésica. La secuenciación de próxima generación permite identificar el ADN en un germen determinado en poco tiempo. Hasta donde sabemos, no hay reportes sobre su empleo para el manejo de la infección periprotésica en Sudamérica. Nuestro objetivo fue demostrar la viabilidad diagnóstica de las muestras obtenidas de una serie de pacientes operados en Buenos Aires, Argentina, y analizadas con la técnica de secuenciación de próxima generación. materiales y métodos: Se analizó a una serie prospectiva de 20 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revisión séptica y aséptica de cadera desde diciembre de 2019 hasta marzo de 2020. Se obtuvieron muestras intraoperatorias de líquido sinovial, tejido profundo y canal endomedular, que fueron enviadas para su análisis al laboratorio NexGen Microgen. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 17 pacientes, porque tenían una muestra apta para analizar. Los resultados se recibieron dentro de las 72 h de la cirugía. En un caso, el resultado de la secuenciación de próxima generación informó un germen distinto del identificado en los cultivos posoperatorios de partes blandas, esto permitió corregir la antibioticoterapia. En otro, esta técnica identificó Parabacteroides gordonii en una revisión aséptica, en otro, Morganella morganii, a partir de cultivos negativos en una revisión en un tiempo. Conclusión: Se demostró la viabilidad diagnóstica con la secuenciación de próxima generación, se pueden obtener resultados de microorganismos patógenos dentro de las 72 h posteriores a la cirugía en pacientes con infección periprotésica y cultivos negativos. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Early diagnosis of a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and identification of the pathogen are paramount. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify the nucleic acids in a given germ in a short period. To our knowledge, there are no reports of its use in the management of PJI in South America. Our objective was to demonstrate the diagnostic feasibility of the NGS technique on the samples obtained from a series of patients operated on in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materials and methods: A prospective series of 20 patients undergoing septic and aseptic hip revision surgery from December 2019 to March 2020 was analyzed. Intraoperative samples of synovial fluid, deep tissue, and intramedullary canal were obtained and sent to the NexGen Microgen laboratory (Texas, USA) for analysis. Results: Seventeen patients were finally eligible to present a sample suitable for analysis. In 100% of the samples, NGS results were obtained within 72 hours of surgery. In one case, the NGS result reported a germ different from the one identified in the postoperative soft tissue cultures, allowing antibiotic therapy to be corrected. In another case, NGS identified Parabacteroides gordonii in aseptic revision surgery. In another patient, the NGS identified Morganella morganii, in which conventional postoperative cultures were negative in single-stage revision surgery. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated the diagnostic feasibility of NGS, obtaining results within 72 hours immediately after surgery for pathogenic organisms in patients with PJI and negative cultures. Level of Evidence: IV

Artrosis rápidamente progresiva de cadera secundaria a una fractura por insuficiencia subcondral del acetábulo. Reporte de un caso / Rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to a subchondral insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum: A case report

Las fracturas por insuficiencia subcondral son una causa poco frecuente de cadera dolorosa. A diferencia de las fracturas traumáticas agudas, las fracturas por insuficiencia del acetábulo son menos frecuentes que las femorales. Ocurren habitualmente en mujeres posmenopáusicas con comorbilidades. Su diagnóstico inicial suele ser dificultoso y la sospecha clínica es de gran importancia. La resonancia magnética es una herramienta fundamental para detectar este cuadro. Subestimar estas lesiones puede llevar al desarrollo de una artrosis rápidamente progresiva y al reemplazo articular como desenlace. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 68 años con una fractura por insuficiencia subcondral del acetábulo a quien se le indicó una artroplastia total de cadera no cementada. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Subchondral insufficiency fractures are a rare cause of hip pain. Unlike acute traumatic fractures, acetabulum insufficiency fractures are less common than femoral fractures. They commonly occur in postmenopausal women with comorbidities. Its initial diagnosis is usually difficult and clinical suspicion is of great importance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental tool for the detection of this pathology. Underestimating these injuries can lead to the development of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis and joint replacement as an outcome. We present the case of a 68-year-old patient with a subchondral insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum who underwent uncemented total hip arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: IV

Prevalencia de deformidades tipo Cam de cadera en personas asintomáticas / Hip Cam type deformity in asymptomatic patients

Introducción: Si bien se considera al Síndrome de Fricción Femoroacetabular (SFFA) como un factor predisponente para el desarrollo de coxartrosis, no todas las caderas con deformidad tipo Cam son sintomáticas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de deformidades tipo Cam en personas asintomáticas que concurrieron a nuestra institución. Material y métodos: Evaluamos de forma consecutiva un total de 168 caderas en 84 personas voluntarias, asintomáticas, a quienes se les realizó una radiografía de ambas caderas de perfil. Se utilizó la medición del ángulo α, siendo indicativo de la presencia de deformidad tipo Cam un ángulo α > 50°. Resultados: Se objetivó un ángulo α promedio de 51,66° (rango 30-85°). Dieciséis (19%) presentaron un ángulo α mayor a 50° en al menos una de sus caderas. En éstos, el ángulo α presentaba un valor promedio de 63,92° (rango 51-85°). En los 68 individuos restantes, el ángulo α presentaba un valor promedio de 42,36° (rango 30-48°). En cuanto a la distribución por sexo, encontramos la presencia de una deformidad tipo Cam en el 22,7% de los varones y en el 5,5% de las mujeres. Conclusión: Debido a la alta prevalencia de lesiones tipo Cam en pacientes asintomáticos, creemos que un ángulo α elevado por sí solo no asegura la presencia de síntomas o la progresión a artrosis.

Introduction: While Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is considered as a predisposing factor for the development of hip arthritis, not every hip with Cam deformity is symptomatic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cam deformities in asymptomatic people that visited our hospital. Methods: We evaluated consecutively a total of 168 hips in 84 volunteers, asymptomatic, who underwent an lateral X-rays of both hips. Measuring the angle α was used, being indicative of the presence of one Cam type deformity, with an α > 50° angle. Results: An average α angle 51.66° (range 30-85°) was observed. 16 (19%) had an α angle greater than 50° in at least one of their hips. In these, the α angle had an average value of 63.92 ° (range 51-85°). In the remaining 68 individuals, the α angle had an average value of 42.36° (range 30-48°). In terms of distribution by sex, we found the presence of a Cam deformity type in 22.7% of males and 5.5% of women. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of Cam injuries in asymptomatic patients, we believe that an increase of the α angle itself doesn´t ensure the presence of symptoms or progression of osteoarthritis.

Lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior: ¿ es la disminución en la movilidad de la cadera un factor predisponente ? / Predisposing factors of hip hypermotility in anterior cruciate ligament injuries

Introducción: La lesion del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es una de las patologias musculoesqueleticas mas frecuentes. Numerosos factores predisponentes han sido identificados intrinsecamente en la articulacion. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relacion existente entre una hipomotilidad de cadera y la presencia concomitante de una lesion de LCA en deportistas recreacionales. Materiales y Método: Se incluyo en forma prospectiva a pacientes deportistas recreacionales entre 18 y 40 anos (48 con una lesion primaria de LCA confirmada por RMN y 53 controles voluntarios). Se midieron ambas rotaciones en decubito supino y los resultados fueron analizados estadisticamente con la prueba de t test. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos y resultaron estadisticamente significativos en cuanto a una disminucion de movilidad en la cadera homolateral a la rodilla afectada por la lesion del ligamento, tanto para la rotacion interna [RI] (p=0.001) como para la rotacion externa [RE] (p=0.016). El analisis comparativo con el grupo control mostro que existe una asociacion entre rotura de LCA y una hipomotilidad de cadera a expensas en mayor medida de una disminucion en la RI (p=0,002), puesto que la comparacion de la RE en ambos grupos no resulta estadisticamente significativa (p=0.936). Conclusión: Existe una fuerte asociacion entre la lesion del LCA y hipomotilidad de la cadera, principalmente a expensas de la rotacion interna en deportistas recreacionales. No solo encontramos esta asociacion entre voluntarios y pacientes con la lesion sino tambien en el miembro contralateral a la lesion LCA. Por tal motivo creemos de vital importancia el cribado de factores de riesgo para asi implementar planes de prevencion. Nivel de Evidencia: II. Tipo de Estudio: Prospectivo...

Introduction: Numerous intrinsic predisposing factors have been identified within the knee joint in ACL injuries. However, several studies have showed the influence of the hip on the knee biomechanics. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between a hip hypomotility and the concomitant presence of an ACL injury in recreational athletes. Method: We prospectively evaluated 48 recreational athletes with ACL injury confirmed with MRI and 53 volunteer controls without ACL injuries between 18 and 40 years of age. Internal rotation [IR] and external rotation [ER] were measured and analyzed. Results: A significant decrease in hip range of motion was found in the ipsilateral hip, both for IR (p=0.001) and ER (p=0.016). Comparative analysis with the control group showed an association between ACL tear and hypomotility hip mainly because of IR lessening (p=0.002), since the comparison of the ER in both groups was not statistically significant (p=0.936). Conclusion: There is a strong association between ACL injury and hip hypomotility , not only but mainly due to a decrease in IR. Moreover, we found not only this association between volunteers and patients, but in the same patient compared to the unaffected side. Therefore, we believe that is especially important to identify risk factors in order to prevent these lesions. Level of Evidence: IV. Type of study: Case Series. Retrospective...

Osificación hetertópica neurogénica bilateral de cadera / Bilateral neurogenic heterotopic ossification of hip

La osificación heterotópica es una verdadera actividad osteoblástica con formación anormal de hueso lamelar maduro en tejidos blandos extraesqueléticos donde el hueso no existe normalmente. Se presenta un paciente con afección de ambas caderas, pretendiendo realizar una breve revisión sobre diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de esta patología.

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients with Crowe Type III or IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Two-Stage Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Skeletal Traction after Soft Tissue Release for Irreducible Hips

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a technically demanding procedure for arthroplasty surgeons, and it is often difficult to reduce the hip joint without soft tissue release due to severe flexion contracture. We performed two-stage THAs in irreducible hips with expected lengthening of the affected limb after THA of over 2.5 cm or with flexion contractures of greater than 30 degrees in order to place the acetabular cup in the true acetabulum and to prevent neurologic deficits associated with acute elongation of the limb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of cementless THA in patients with severe DDH with a special focus on the results of two-stage THA. METHODS: Retrospective clinical and radiological evaluations were done on 17 patients with Crowe type III or IV developmental DDH treated by THA. There were 14 women and 3 men with a mean age of 52.3 years. Follow-ups averaged 52 months. Six cases were treated with two-stage THA followed by surgical hip liberalization and skeletal traction for 2 weeks. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score improved from 40.9 to 89.1, and mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) in 13 unilateral cases was reduced from 2.95 to 0.8 cm. In the patients who underwent two-stage surgery, no nerve palsy was observed, and the single one-stage patient with incomplete peroneal nerve palsy recovered fully 4 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary cementless THA for patients with Crowe type III or IV DDH were encouraging. Two-stage THA followed by skeletal traction after soft tissue release could provide alternative solutions to the minimization of limb shortenings or LLD without neurologic deficits in highly selected patients.

Lesiones labrales y condrales de cadera: correlación entre hallazgos de artro-resonancia magnética y artroscopía / Correlation between the magnetic resonance artrhrography and intraoperative hip arthroscopy findings about labral and chondral lesions

Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre la artro-resonancia magnética (ARM) de cadera y los hallazgos intraoperatorios de la artroscopía de cadera en relación a lesiones labrales y condrales, comparando los resultados en ambos. Material y Metodos: Estudio prospectivo realizado entre mayo y diciembre de 2008. Se incluyeron 30 caderas (28 pacientes: 22 mujeres y 6 hombres), se evaluó, registró y comparó la precisión en diagnóstico de lesiones labrales y condrales con ARM y artroscopía de cadera. Resultados: Los hallazgos de ARM mostraron lesiones labrales en 27 casos y lesiones condrales en 12 casos. Los hallazgos intraoperatorios fueron positivos para 27 lesiones labrales y 27 casos con lesión condral. De lo anterior se desprende una sensibilidad y especificidad de la ARM de 96,3 por ciento y 66,6 por ciento respectivamente para lesiones labrales; y una sensibilidad y especificidad de 40,7 por ciento y 66,6 por ciento para lesiones condrales. Conclusiones: La ARM es un método útil para la evaluación de lesiones labrales y condrales, pero es menos preciso que la artroscopía; esto se cumple principalmente para las lesiones condrales tipo delaminación. Diseno del estudio: Experimental Prospectivo. Nivel de evidencia: II.

Tratamento cirúrgico para impacto femoroacetabular em um grupo que realiza agachamento / Surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement in a group that performs squats

OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico de um grupo de pacientes que desenvolveram sintomas após atividades físicas repetitivas, movimentando o quadril em uma posição de hiperflexão, como leg press e agachamento. MÉTODOS: O grupo do estudo compreendeu 47 indivíduos (48 quadris) que desenvolveram o início dos sintomas dolorosos associados a exercícios de hiperflexão de quadril (leg press ou agachamento) e submetidos a tratamento artroscópico. Os pacientes foram avaliados radiográfica e clinicamente segundo o Harris Hip Score modificado por Byrd (MHHS), nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, questionados sobre seu retorno às atividades esportivas e os achados cirúrgicos. RESULTADOS: A média do MHHS nos períodos pré e pós-operatório foi, respectivamente, 60 pontos (DP 11,0, faixa 38,5-92,4) e 95,9 pontos (DP 7,7, faixa 63,8-100), aumento de 35,9 pontos (P < 0,001). Em relação à atividade física, 30 indivíduos (71,5%) retomaram as atividades esportivas após a cirurgia, 25 (83,4%) destes com o mesmo nível anterior, seis indivíduos (12,8%) não retornaram devido à dor persistente. Na artroscopia, 48 quadris (100%) apresentaram lesões do lábio acetabular e 41 quadris (85,4%), lesões condrais acetabulares. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com sintomas dolorosos após os exercícios de hiperflexão do quadril associados ao impacto femoroacetabular apresentaram melhora após o tratamento artroscópico.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the results from arthroscopic surgical treatment on a group of patients who developed symptoms after repetitive physical activity of moving their hips in a position of hyperflexion, as in leg presses and squats. METHODS: The study group comprised 47 individuals (48 hips) who developed the onset of painful symptoms associated with hip hyperflexion exercises (leg presses or squats) and underwent arthroscopic treatment. The patients were evaluated radiographically and clinically according to the "Harris Hip Score", as modified by Byrd (MHHS), pre and postoperatively, and were asked about their return to sports activities and the surgical findings. RESULTS: The mean preoperative and postoperative MHHS, respectively, were 60 points (SD 11.0, range 38.5 to 92.4) and 95.9 points (SD 7.7, range 63.8 to 100), with an increase of 35.9 points (P < 0.001). Regarding physical activity, 30 individuals (71.5%) resumed sports activities after surgery, and 25 of them (83.4%) at the previous level. Six patients (12.8%) did not resume activities because of persistent pain. During arthroscopy, 48 hips (100%) presented lesions of the acetabular labrum, and 41 hips (85.4%) had acetabular chondral lesions. CONCLUSION: The patients with painful symptoms after hip hyperflexion exercises associated with femoroacetabular impingement presented improvements after arthroscopic treatment.

Artritis séptica de cadera en la infancia: clasificación práctica de sus secuelas / Septic arthritis of the hip in childhood: practical classification of sequelae

Introducción: En determinadas circunstancias, la artritis séptica de cadera puede generar secuelas de diversa magnitud. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y aplicar una clasificación radiográfica, concisa e inclusiva, de las secuelas. Confiabilidad: avalada por el índice de Kappa intraobservador e interobservador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de observación, retrospectivo de 32 pacientes (37 caderas) con secuelas de sepsis articular, admitidos y tratados en nuestro hospital, en un período de 14 años. Se incluyeron niños menores de 15 años, con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 15.0. Variables: edad, sexo y cadera afectada. Las caderas secuelares, según sus lesiones específicas, fueron incluidas en la siguiente clasificación por grados: 1 o sin cambios; 2 o incongruentes; 3 o excéntricas y 4 o luxadas. Resultados: Edad promedio 3 años y 9 meses. Predominio femenino (68 por ciento) Todos los casos bilaterales fueron niñas (p <0,02). Doce caderas grado 1, cuatro grado 2, once grado 3 y diez grado 4. Secuelas predominantes: coxa vara y ascenso del trocánter mayor. De los pacientes secuelares (25 caderas), 16 tuvieron afectaciones múltiples. El índice de Kappa fue de 0,93 para el intraobservador y de 0,66 para el interobservador, expresando alta confiabilidad. Conclusiones: La clasificación Ludovica, avalada estadísticamente, cumple con los requisitos que nos propusiéramos: que sea breve y concisa, inclusiva de las diferentes secuelas; requiere únicamente radiografías, es fácil de retener y transmitir y, finalmente, permite inferir lineamientos terapéuticos. Es más sencilla que otras publicadas hasta la fecha. Nivel de evidencia: IV estudio de observación, Retrospectivo de serie de casos

Progression of a Fracture Site Impaction as a Prognostic Indicator of Impacted Femoral Neck Fracture Treated with Multiple Pinning

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of impacted femoral neck fractures treated with multiple pinning and determined the influence of the progression of impaction at the fracture site on clinical outcome. METHODS: There were 34 patients with a mean age of 65.5 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years. Progression of fracture site impaction was measured using an articulo-trochanteric distance index and the percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between follow-up intervals. The failure of treatment was clarified as non-union and avascular necrosis. Other characteristics of the patients, including mean waiting time for surgery, preoperative Singh index score, and body mass index, were also measured to evaluate the influence on the clinical outcome of surgery. RESULTS: There were 6 fractures which were not treated successfully (3 non-union, 8.8% and 3 avascular necrosis, 8.8%). The mean percentage decrease of the articulo-trochanteric distance index within the first 6 weeks after surgery was 4.5% in the successful group and 25.1% in the failure group (p < 0.001). There was also a significant mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between 6 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Primary stabilization with Knowles pins for impacted femoral neck fractures had a reasonable clinical outcome with low morbidity. Despite a significant difference of a mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between the successful group and the failure group, we could not verify it as a risk factor for failure of treatment because the odds ratio was not statistically significant.

Progression of a Fracture Site Impaction as a Prognostic Indicator of Impacted Femoral Neck Fracture Treated with Multiple Pinning

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of impacted femoral neck fractures treated with multiple pinning and determined the influence of the progression of impaction at the fracture site on clinical outcome. METHODS: There were 34 patients with a mean age of 65.5 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years. Progression of fracture site impaction was measured using an articulo-trochanteric distance index and the percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between follow-up intervals. The failure of treatment was clarified as non-union and avascular necrosis. Other characteristics of the patients, including mean waiting time for surgery, preoperative Singh index score, and body mass index, were also measured to evaluate the influence on the clinical outcome of surgery. RESULTS: There were 6 fractures which were not treated successfully (3 non-union, 8.8% and 3 avascular necrosis, 8.8%). The mean percentage decrease of the articulo-trochanteric distance index within the first 6 weeks after surgery was 4.5% in the successful group and 25.1% in the failure group (p < 0.001). There was also a significant mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between 6 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Primary stabilization with Knowles pins for impacted femoral neck fractures had a reasonable clinical outcome with low morbidity. Despite a significant difference of a mean percentage decrease in the articulo-trochanteric distance index between the successful group and the failure group, we could not verify it as a risk factor for failure of treatment because the odds ratio was not statistically significant.

Early Results of One-Stage Correction for Hip Instability in Cerebral Palsy

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of one-stage correction for cerebral palsy patients. METHODS: We reviewed clinical outcomes and radiologic indices of 32 dysplastic hips in 23 children with cerebral palsy (13 males, 10 females; mean age, 8.6 years). Ten hips had dislocation, while 22 had subluxation. Preoperative Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores of the patients were as follows; level V (13 patients), level IV (9), and level III (1). Acetabular deficiency was anterior in 5 hips, superolateral in 7, posterior in 11 and mixed in 9, according to 3 dimensional computed tomography. The combined surgery included open reduction of the femoral head, release of contracted muscles, femoral shortening varus derotation osteotomy and the modified Dega osteotomy. Hip range of motion, GMFCS level, acetabular index, center-edge angle and migration percentage were measured before and after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 28.1 months. RESULTS: Hip abduction (median, 40degrees), sitting comfort and GMFCS level were improved after surgery, and pain was decreased. There were two cases of femoral head avascular necrosis, but no infection, nonunion, resubluxation or redislocation. All radiologic indices showed improvement after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A single event multilevel surgery including soft tissue, pelvic and femoral side correction is effective in treating spastic dislocation of the hip in cerebral palsy.

Could We Prevent Displacing the Undisplaced Fracture Neck of Femur? To the Editor

No abstract available.

Cambios metafisiarios de los miembros inferiores originados por osteocondromatosis múltiple hereditaria / Mataphyseal changes of the lower limb caused by multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis

Se realizó un estudio de población, de tipo prospectivo, descriptivo y observacional en pacientes que acudieron a la Unidad de Tumores Óseos y Partes Blandas (UTOPB) del Hospital Universitario “Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar” entre enero de 2008 y julio de 2010, con el diagnóstico de Osteocondromatosis Múltiple Hereditaria (OMH) que afectaba las articulaciones de las extremidades inferiores; se estudiaron 26 pacientes, equivalentes a 52 extremidades inferiores, con predominio del sexo masculino 1,2:1, las edades de los pacientes comprendían entre los 6 y 15 años, con mayor registro de casos a los 12 años (19,2%). Se cuantificó el número de osteocondromas periarticulares en las articulaciones de cadera, rodilla y tobillo, observando un predominio en la rodilla (48,7%) a expensas de la metáfisis distal del fémur. Se clasificó la afectación funcional de las articulaciones en tres grados (leve, moderada y severa), tomando como referencia el movimiento de flexoextensión, siendo el tobillo la articulación que presento el mayor grado de limitación y la cadera la menos afectada a la presencia de osteocondromas

We conducted a prospective, descriptive and observational population-based study, in patients attending the Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors (UTOPB) at the Hospital "Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar" between January 2008 and July 2010, with the diagnosis of Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO), which affected the joints of the lower extremities, were studied 26 patients, equivalent to 52 lower extremities; with a male predominance 1,2:1, the age of the patients ranged between 6 and 15 years, with highest number of cases at 12 years (19.2%). We quantified the number of periarticular osteochondromas at the hip, knee and ankle, having predominance in the knee (48.7%) at the expense of the distal femur metaphysis. We scored the functional range of the joints in three grades (mild, moderate and severe), with reference to the movement of flexion-extension, the ankle joint had the highest degree of limitation and, the hip was less affected to the presence of osteochondromas

Fluxograma diferencial entre a artrite séptica e sinovite transitória do quadril em crianças / Flowchart distinguishing between septic arthritis and transitory synovitis of the hip in children

O diagnóstico diferencial entre a artrite séptica e a sinovite transitória do quadril não é fácil de ser realizado, pois não há um exame que seja simples, nem satisfatoriamente sensível e específico para diferenciá-las. Sendo assim, é muitas vezes utilizada uma propedêutica armada de exames que demanda maior custo e requer melhor infra-estrutura da instituição de saúde. Perante isso, torna-se evidente a necessidade de uma análise multifatorial dos dados clínicos e laboratoriais envolvidos para a proposição de um fluxograma em que se possa racionalizar exames visando a correta abordagem e evitar a indicação de procedimentos, muitas vezes, desnecessários como a ressonância magnética ou mais invasivos como a artrocentese e a própria drenagem cirúrgica. Realizamos uma ampla revisão da literatura nas bases de dados do Pubmed e Cochrane até maio de 2009 em que foi analisada a importância do exame clínico, dos testes laboratoriais e de imagem para a diferenciação entre as duas afecções. Mediante o cruzamento dos dados foi elaborado um fluxograma para o diagnóstico e conduta na criança e no adolescente, com idade de seis meses a dezoito anos, com sintoma de dor no quadril, na suspeita de quadro inflamatório. Nivel de Evidência III, estudos diagnósticos, investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

The distinguishing diagnosis between the septic arthritis and the transitory synovitis of a hip is not easy to be carried through; therefore, there is not a simple, nor sensible and satisfactorily specific examination to differentiate them. Thus, the use of a propedeutic set of examinations becomes necessary to demand greater cost and depend on a bigger infrastructure of the health institution. First of all, the necessity of a multifactorial analysis on a flowchart is evident, so it can rationalize the indication of unnecessary or more invasive procedures as artrocentesis, magnetic resonance and the surgical draining. A revision of literature on the databases of Pubmed and Cochrane until May of 2009 was carried through, and the importance of the clinical examination, laboratorial tests and imaging exams was analyzed. By studies on the data, it was elaborated a flowchart for the diagnosis and the conduction of the management on the patient, between the ages of six months and eighteen years old, with complaint of pain on the hip under suspicion of inflammatory picture. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic studies - investigating a diagnostic test.

MR-based Parameters as a Supplement to Radiographs in Managing Developmental Hip Dysplasia

BACKGROUND: Some dysplastic hips with favorable radiographic parameters fail to develop normally, suggesting that we should consider cartilaginous or soft tissue structures for further information regarding the condition of the hip. The purpose of this study was to provide a clear definition of concentric reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine how radiographic and MR-based parameters could be used together to treat dysplastic hips. METHODS: We studied range of motion (ROM)-MRI of 25 patients with unilateral hip dysplasia (mean age at the time of MR imaging, 44.1 months). Each ROM-MRI consisted of a set of bilateral hip scans in the following positions: neutral; abduction; abduction- internal rotation; abduction-internal rotation-flexion; and adduction. Before MR scanning, the 25 patients received the following primary treatments: closed reduction (n = 15; at a mean age of 14.5 months); and open reduction (n = 10; at a mean age of 10.0 months). The following new parameters appear to be useful in treating DDH: 1) the labral angle, the angle the labrum makes with the acetabulum; 2) the uncorrected labral deformity (ULD), the "residual deformity" (deflection of the labrum) when the affected labrum is freed from pressure in abduction; and 3) the zone of compressive force (ZCF), the region of the acetabulum through which the body weight acts on the femoral head. RESULTS: A concentrically-reduced hip is one in which the labrum points downward in the neutral position, at the same angle as that of the normal side; and in which the ZCF is zone 3, the inner acetabular zone as defined herein. The ULD and the ZCF may be determined precisely as we have done, or the physician may simply observe the changes in the orientation of the labrum and compare the changes qualitatively to the unaffected side, and likewise for the medial joint space. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed analysis of the labrum as permitted by ROM-MRI, together with acetabular index and other parameters measured from radiographs, provides important information for physicians treating childhood hip dysplasia.

Osteoplastía femoroacetabular sin luxación coxofemoral en el síndrome de choque femoroacetabular: valoración de la calidad de vida / Femoroacetabular osteoplasty without coxofemoral dislocation in the femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: quality of life assessment

Introducción: El choque femoroacetabular es causa de lesiones del labrum y de coxartrosis en los pacientes jóvenes. Existe escasa evidencia sobre los resultados terapéuticos mediante la osteoplastia coxofemoral por vía anterior sin luxación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar una serie de pacientes tratados con dicha técnica centrándose en los cambios en la calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos: En 22 pacientes con síndrome de tipo cam se realizaron 24 queilectomías y 9 plásticas labrales mediante exposición anterior “reducida”, capsulotomía anterior y osteoplastia insitu. Edad promedio: 44 años; seguimiento promedio: 24 meses. Se documentaron las complicaciones, la amplitud de movimiento y las imágenes radiológicas (Tõnnis). Se definieron los niveles de calidad de vida en pobre, aceptable, buena y muy buena, según el dolor, la escala WOMAC y la reinserción deportiva. Resultados: La amplitud de movimiento aumentó en todos los pacientes. Se comprobó progresión radiológica en 4 casos. Después de 18 meses, 14 permanecían asintomáticos, con calidad de vida muy buena y 3, con buena. Como única complicación se produjo paresia temporal del femorocutáneo en 3 pacientes. Conclusiones: El progreso de la cirugía reconstructiva supone la realización de procedimientos poco agresivos que disminuyan las complicaciones secundarias y permitan una pronta reinserción a las actividades diarias. Esta técnica permite acceder a los osteofitos cervicales y al labrum anterior, donde se localizan 70 por ciento de las lesiones.

Tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular / Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement

OBJETIVOS: O propósito deste estudo é avaliar os resultados em curto prazo do tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular. A hipótese é a de que os resultados do tratamento artroscópico são favoráveis. MÉTODOS: Entre agosto de 2003 e agosto de 2007, 28 quadris foram submetidos ao tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular pela via artroscópica. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34 anos, com média de seguimento de 27 meses. Quanto à melhora clínica, os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pósoperatoriamente pelo Harris Hip Score (HHS) modificado por Byrd. Os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pós-operatoriamente em relação à rotação interna do quadril acometido. Os valores obtidos nos índices acima foram analisados estatisticamente através do método de Wilcoxon para a avaliação de variáveis não paramétricas. RESULTADOS: O Harris Hip Score médio pré-operatório foi de 54,2 e o pós-operatório, de 94,8 (p < 0,001). O aumento médio do HHS foi de 37,5 pontos. Houve quatro resultados bons (15 por cento) e 24 excelentes (85 por cento). Pré-operatoriamente os pacientes apresentavam rotação interna do quadril média de 17º e pós-operatoriamente, de 36º. O aumento médio de rotação interna foi de 19º (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular tem resultados satisfatórios.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term follow-up results of arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. Our hypothesis is that arthroscopic treatment results are favorable. METHODS: Between August 2003 and August 2007, 28 hips had femoroacetabular impingement treated by hip arthroscopy. The mean age was 34 years, with mean follow-up period of 27 months. Clinical results were graded with the modified Harris hip score, which was measured pre-and postoperatively. Patients had also their internal rotation analyzed. These parameters were calculated by using Wilcoxon's t test for analysis of nonparametric paired samples performed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 54.2, improving to 94.8 postoperatively (p<0,001). The mean increase was 37.5 points. We had 4 good results (15 percent) and 24 excellent results (85 percent). Preoperatively, the patients had a mean internal rotation of 17º, and, postoperatively, 36º. The average internal rotation increase was 19º (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: The arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement presents satisfactory results.